An emotion regulation strategy involving hiding or inhibiting the outward expression of inner feelings
The following variables relate to Expressive Suppression:
| Selection | Variable | Info | Assessment type | Dataset |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Exam results study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Exam results study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Exam results study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Exam results study | |
| SUPR | Since the last beep, have you suppressed the outward expression of your emotions about your grades? | ESM | Exam results study | |
| SUPR | Since the last beep, to what degree did you try to supress the expression of your emotions? | ESM | Leuven clinical study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Leuven BPD study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven BPD study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Leuven BPD study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven BPD study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Leuven couples study 2014 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positiveemotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Leuven couples study 2014 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Leuven couples study 2014 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Leuven couples study 2014 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Everyday emotion regulation | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Everyday emotion regulation | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Everyday emotion regulation | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Everyday emotion regulation | |
| SUPR | Since the previous beep, I have avoided expressing my emotions | ESM | Everyday emotion regulation | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2012 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2012 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2012 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2012 | |
| SUPR | Checkbox - suppressed expression | ESM | Leuven emotions in daily life 2012 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_15 | Pretending I was not upset | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_25 | Hiding my feelings | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_26 | Being sure to hide what I was feeling | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_3 | Acting like I was not upset | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_31 | Making an effort to hide my feelings | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_32 | Concealing how I was feeling | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_35 | Trying to pretend I wasn't upset | Baseline | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_EMA_11 | I made an effort to hide my feelings. | ESM | RESS-EMA study | |
| RESS_EMA_12 | I pretended I wasn't upset. | ESM | RESS-EMA study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Negative events diary | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Negative events diary | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Negative events diary | |
| ERQ_9 | \When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Negative events diary | |
| SUPR | I suppressed the outward expression of my emotions | ESM | Negative events diary | |
| SUPR | I suppress the outward expression of my emotions | Baseline | Negative events diary | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Secrecy diary | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy diary | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Secrecy diary | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy diary | |
| SUPR | I suppress the outward expression of my emotions | Baseline | Secrecy diary | |
| SUPR | I suppressed the outward expression of my emotions | ESM | Secrecy diary | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| SUPR_1 | When I felt negative emotions today I was careful not to express them. | ESM | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| SUPR_2 | When I was feeling positive emotions today, I was careful not to express them. | ESM | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| SUPR_3 | I controlled my emotions by not expressing them today | ESM | William & Mary emotion diary | |
| SUPR | In response to your feelings, have you AVOIDED EXPRESSING YOUR EMOTIONS TO OTHERS since last survey? | ESM | ACU emotions in daily life | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2008 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2008 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2008 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2008 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Trier social stress study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Trier social stress study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Trier social stress study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Trier social stress study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Follow_up | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Follow_up | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Follow_up | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Follow_up | FEEL Study 1 | |
| SUPR | Since the last survey, I was careful not to express my emotions to others. | ESM | FEEL Study 1 | |
| SUPR | During the past few weeks, I managed my emotions by being careful not to express them to others. | Follow_up | FEEL Study 1 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Follow_up | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Follow_up2 | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Follow_up | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Follow_up2 | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Follow_up | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Follow_up2 | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Follow_up | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Follow_up2 | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| SUPR | Since the last beep, have you suppressed the need to show your emotions? | ESM | Leuven 3-wave longitudinal study | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2011 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2011 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2011 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Leuven emotions in daily life 2011 | |
| SUPR | Did you suppress the expression of your feelings? | ESM | Leuven emotions in daily life 2011 | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Emotional events in daily life | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positiveemotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Emotional events in daily life | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Emotional events in daily life | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Emotional events in daily life | |
| SUPR | During the event, how much did you suppress the outward expression of your emotions? | ESM | Emotional events in daily life | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself. | Baseline | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. | Baseline | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them. | Baseline | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. | Baseline | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| SUPR | I suppress the outward expression of my irritation | Baseline | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| SUPR | I suppressed the outward expression of my irritation | Follow_up | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| SUPR | I suppressed the outward expression of my irritation | ESM | Motivated emotion regulation diary | |
| SUPR | In the last hour, I made an effort to hide my feelings. | ESM | Assessing, Understanding, and Regulating Affect (AURA) | |
| BEE_12 | I am sometimes unable to hide my feelings, even though I would like to | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| BEE_5 | It is difficult for me to hide my fear | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| BEE_8 | I've learned it is better to suppress my anger than to show it | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| BEE_9 | No matter how nervous or upset I am, I tend to keep a calm exterior. | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IEMS_16 | When others are experiencing undesirable emotions, I tell them not to express them. | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IEMS_17 | I encourage others to keep their emotions to themselves | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IEMS_18 | When others with whom I am interacting are ‘venting’ about a problem, I get them to stop | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IEMS_19 | When others are experiencing undesirable emotions, I suggest strategies for them to suppress these emotions. | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IEMS_20 | I encourage others not to express their emotions | Baseline | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| IIER_STRAT_6 | They asked me to keep my feelings to myself | ESM | Naturalistic Affect at the Interpersonal Level (NAIL) daily diary | |
| RESS_11 | Making sure no one could tell what I was feeling | Baseline | Goals, Emotions, Moods, and Strategies (GEMS) 2024 | |
| RESS_14 | Pretending I was not upset | Baseline | Goals, Emotions, Moods, and Strategies (GEMS) 2024 | |
| RESS_20 | Hiding my feelings | Baseline | Goals, Emotions, Moods, and Strategies (GEMS) 2024 | |
| RESS_3 | Acting like I was not upset | Baseline | Goals, Emotions, Moods, and Strategies (GEMS) 2024 | |
| SUPR | In the last hour, have you avoided expressing your feelings? | ESM | Goals, Emotions, Moods, and Strategies (GEMS) 2024 | |
| PMERQ_1 | To calm down, I do not show others how I feel. | Baseline | Well-being Affected by Secrecy Processes (WASP) | |
| PMERQ_16 | I suppress my emotion expressions during stressful conversations to feel less anxious. | Baseline | Well-being Affected by Secrecy Processes (WASP) | |
| SECRET_SUPR | In the last hour, I made an effort to hide my feelings about the secret. | ESM | Well-being Affected by Secrecy Processes (WASP) | |
| RESS_SUPP | I made an effort to hide my feelings | ESM | Social Processes Under Daily Situations (SPUDS) | |
| BFI2_44 | Keeps their emotions under control | Baseline | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| RESS_13 | I make an effort to hide my feelings | Baseline | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| RESS_13 | I make an effort to hide my feelings | Follow_up | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| RESS_14 | I pretend I am not feeling anything | Baseline | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| RESS_14 | I pretend I am not feeling anything | Follow_up | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| SOCINT_SUPR_1 | I made an effort to hide my feelings | ESM | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| SOCINT_SUPR_2 | I pretended I wasn't feeling anything | ESM | Social Connection Daily Diary Study (2020) | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| RESSEMA_11 | I make an effort to hide my feelings | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| RESSEMA_12 | I pretend I am not feeling anything | Baseline | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| SECRET_SUPR2 | I pretended I wasn’t feeling any emotion about the secret | ESM | Secrecy, Concealment, Affect and Mind-Wandering (SCAM) in Daily Life | |
| SUPR | Suppressed the expression of my emotions | ESM | Emotion Regulation Effort (2020) | |
| SUPR_EV | Today, I made an effort to hide my feelings about this event from others | ESM | Managing Affect in Uncertain Situations (MAUS) | |
| ERQ_2 | I keep my emotions to myself | Baseline | Secrecy ESM 2020 | |
| ERQ_4 | When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy ESM 2020 | |
| ERQ_6 | I control my emotions by not expressing them | Baseline | Secrecy ESM 2020 | |
| ERQ_9 | When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them | Baseline | Secrecy ESM 2020 | |
| SECRET_SUPR | Since the last survey, I suppressed the outward expression of my emotions. | ESM | Secrecy ESM 2020 | |
| SUPR | I tried to hide the expression of my negative feelings | Baseline | Secrecy ESM 2020 |