Leuven emotions in daily life 2011

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Citation article

Title:
Affect dynamics in relation to depressive symptoms: Variable, unstable or inert?
Authors:
Koval, P., Pe, M. L., Meers, K., Kuppens, P.
Year of publication:
2013
Publication name:
Emotion
Volume number:
13
Issue number:
6
Page numbers:
1132-1141
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033579

Study details

Baseline session:
Yes
Followup session:
No
Study design:
A 7 day ESM study assessing affect dynamics and depressive symptoms. Participants completed baseline questionnaires and computerised executive functioning tasks on Days 1 and 2; resting heart rate measures on Days 1, 2 and 3; an emotional film-task on Day 3.
ESM measurement waves:
1
Ethics granting body:
KU Leuven ethics committee
Ethics protocol number:
ML7321
Year/s data was collected:
2011
Location of participants (Countries):
Belgium
Background information:
Participants were selected to maximize variation on the CES-D, with scores ranging from 0 to 50 (M = 19.27, SD = 12.53).
Languages:
Dutch
Setting:
IP
Collection platform:
Experience-sampling program
Preregistration URL:
---
Days of ESM data collection:
7
Number of ESM measures per day:
10
Sampling schedule:
signal-contingent
ESM schedule start time:
---
ESM schedule end time:
---
ESM schedule duration:
---

Sample details

Type of sample:
Undergraduate students
Recruitment information:
Participants were recruited from a pool of 439 undergraduates at the University of Leuven, who completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale approximately four months before this study.
Incentives:
Participants received payment of €70 for their involvement in the larger study.
Exclusions:
1 withdrew early, 3 experienced equipment malfunction
Number of participants:
99

Contact info

Contact:
Peter Koval
Contact email:
p.koval@unimelb.edu.au
Selection Variable Info Assessment type Constructs Branching
UUID Default None —
Date_Local Default None —
Time_Local Default None —
ADVAN To what extent is your current situation advantageous or disadvantagrous for you? ESM APPRAISAL MOTIVATIONAL_CONGRUENCE —
ADVAN_RT Advantageousness ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
AFFGRID_INSTRUCT Use the Affect Grid to indicate how you feel right now ESM —
AFFGRID_INSTRUCT_RT Affect grid instruction screen reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
AFFGRID_RT Affect grid reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
AGE age Baseline AGE DEMOGRAPHICS —
AIM_1 My happy moods are so strong that I feel like I'm in heaven Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_10 When I'm happy I bubble over with energy Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_2 I get overly enthusiastic Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_3 My heart races at the anticipation of some exciting event Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_4 When I'm happy it's a feeling of being untroubled and content rather than being zestful and aroused. Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_5 When something good happens, I'm usually much more jubilant than others. Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_6 When I'm happy I feel like I'm bursting with joy Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_7 When I succeed at something, my reaction is calm and contentment Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_8 When I am excited over something I want to share my feelings with everyone Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
AIM_9 When I feel happiness, it is a quiet type of contentment Baseline AFFECT AFFECT_INTENSITY —
ANG How angry do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT ANGER NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANG_RT Anger ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
ANX How anxious do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT ANXIETY NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
ANX_RT Anxious/afraid ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
BISBAS_1 A person's family is the most important thing in life Baseline FILLER —
BISBAS_10 I will often do things for no other reason than that they might be fun Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_FUN PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_11 It's hard for me to find the time to do things such as get a haircut Baseline FILLER —
BISBAS_12 If I see a chance to get something I want I move on it right away Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_DRIVE PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_13 I feel pretty worried or upset when I think or know somebody is angry at me Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_14 When I see an opportunity for something I like I get excited right away Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_REWARD PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_15 I often act on the spur of the moment Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_FUN PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_16 If I think something unpleasant is going to happen I usually get pretty "worked up Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_17 I often wonder why people act the way they do Baseline FILLER —
BISBAS_18 When good things happen to me, it affects me strongly Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_REWARD PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_19 I feel worried when I think I have done poorly at something important Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_2 Even if something bad is about to happen to me, I rarely experience fear or nervousness Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_20 I crave excitement and new sensations Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_FUN PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_21 When I go after something I use a "no holds barred" approach Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_DRIVE PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_22 I have very few fears compared to my friends Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_23 It would excite me to win a contest Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_REWARD PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_24 I worry about making mistakes Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_3 I go out of my way to get things I want Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_DRIVE PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_4 When I'm doing well at something I love to keep at it Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_REWARD PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_5 I'm always willing to try something new if I think it will be fun Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_FUN PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_6 How I dress is important to me Baseline FILLER —
BISBAS_7 When I get something I want, I feel excited and energized Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_REWARD PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_8 Criticism or scolding hurts me quite a bit Baseline BEHAVIORAL_INHIBITION PERSONALITY —
BISBAS_9 When I want something I usually go all-out to get it Baseline BEHAVIORAL_ACTIVATION_DRIVE PERSONALITY —
CESD_1 I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_10 I felt fearful Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_11 My sleep was restless Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_12 I was happy Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_13 I talked less than usual Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_14 I felt lonely Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_15 People were unfriendly Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_16 I enjoyed life Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_17 I had crying spells Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_18 I felt sad Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_19 I felt like people dislike me Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_2 I did not feel like eating, my appetite was poor Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_20 I could not get "going" Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_3 I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_4 I felt I was just as good as other people Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_5 I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_6 I felt depressed Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_7 I felt that everything I did was an effort Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_8 I felt hopeful about the future Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CESD_9 I thought my life had been a failure Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
CFQ_1 Do you read something and find you haven't been thinking about it and must read it again? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_10 Do you lose your temper and regret it? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_11 Do you leave important letters unanswered for days? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_12 Do you find you forget which way to turn on a road you know well but rarely use? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_13 Do you fail to see what you want in a supermarket (although it's there)? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_14 Do you find yourself suddenly wondering whether you've used a word correctly? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_15 Do you have trouble making up your mind? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_16 Do you find you forget appointments? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_17 Do you forget where you put something like a newspaper or a book? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_18 Do you find you accidentally throw away the thing you want and keep what you meant to throw away -- as in the example of throwing away the matchbox and putting the used match in your pocket? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_19 Do you daydream when you ought to be listening to something? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_2 Do you find you forget why you went from one part of the house to the other? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_20 Do you find you forget people's names? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_21 Do you start doing one thing at home and get distracted into doing something else (unintentionally)? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_22 Do you find you can't quite remember something although it's "on the tip of your tongue"? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_23 Do you find you forget what you came to the shops to buy? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_24 Do you drop things? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_25 Do you find you can't think of anything to say? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_3 Do you fail to notice signposts on the road? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_4 Do you find you confuse right and left when giving directions? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_5 Do you bump into people? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_6 Do you find you forget whether you've turned off a light or a fire or locked the door? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_7 Do you fail to listen to people's names when you are meeting them? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_8 Do you say something and realize afterwards that it might be taken as insulting? Baseline COGNITION —
CFQ_9 Do you fail to hear people speaking to you when you are doing something else? Baseline COGNITION —
CTRL To what extent do you think you can change something about your current situation? ESM APPRAISAL CONTROLLABILITY —
CTRL_RT Controllability ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
DASS21_1 I found it hard to wind down Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_10 I felt that I had nothing to look forward to Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_11 I found myself getting agitated Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_12 I found it difficult to relax Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_13 I felt down-hearted and blue Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_14 I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_15 I felt I was close to panic Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_16 I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_17 I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_18 I felt that I was rather touchy Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_19 I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (eg sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat) Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_2 I was aware of dryness of my mouth Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_20 I felt scared without any good reason Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_21 I felt that life was meaningless Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_3 I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_4 I experienced breathing difficulty (eg excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion) Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_5 I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things Baseline DEPRESSION PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_6 I tended to over-react to situations Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_7 I experienced trembling (eg in the hands) Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_8 I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy Baseline PSYCHOPATHOLOGY STRESS SYMPTOMS —
DASS21_9 I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself Baseline ANXIETY PSYCHOPATHOLOGY SYMPTOMS —
DEP How depressed do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT DEPRESSION NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
DEP_RT Depression ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
DIST Did you distract yourself from your feelings since the previous beep? ESM DISTRACTION EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY —
DIST_RT Distraction ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
EMOCOPE To what extent do you think you can cope emotionally with your current situation? ESM APPRAISAL COPING_POTENTIAL —
EMOCOPE_RT Emotional coping ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
ERQ_1 When I want to feel more positive emotion (such as joy or amusement), I change what I’m thinking about. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_10 When I want to feel a less negative emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_2 I keep my emotions to myself. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_3 When I want to feel a less negative emotion (such as sadness or anger), I change what I’m thinking about. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_4 When I am feeling positive emotions, I am careful not to express them. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_5 When I’m faced with a stressful situation, I make myself think about it, in a way that helps me stay calm. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_6 I control my emotions by not expressing them. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
ERQ_7 When I want to feel more positive emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_8 I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
ERQ_9 When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
GENDER sex Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER —
GRID_AROUSAL Arousal: computed from the affect grid ESM AFFECT AROUSAL —
HAP How happy do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT HAPPINESS POSITIVE_AFFECT —
HAP_RT Happy ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
HEIGHT Height Baseline HEIGHT PHYSICAL_HEALTH —
IMPORT To what extent is your current situation important to you? ESM APPRAISAL IMPORTANCE —
IMPORT_RT Importance ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
LAN Native Language Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS LANGUAGE —
NATION Nationality Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS NATIONALITY —
NEGEV Has anything negative happened since the previous beep? ESM EVENT NEGATIVE_EVENT SITUATION_CONTEXT —
NEGEV_RT Negative event ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
ORESP To what extent is someone else responsible for your current situation? ESM AGENCY APPRAISAL —
ORESP_RT Others responsibility ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
PANAS_NL_1 Enthusiastic Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_10 Active Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_11 Strong Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_12 Hostile Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_13 Embarresed Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_14 Proud Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_15 Guilty Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_16 Attentive Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_17 Inspired Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_18 Nervous Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_19 Sad Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_2 Anxious Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_20 Alert Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_3 Interested Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_4 Angry Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_5 Determined Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_6 Stressed Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_7 Irritated Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_8 Jittery Baseline AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT —
PANAS_NL_9 Cheerful Baseline AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT —
POSEV Has anything positive happened since the previous beep? ESM EVENT POSITIVE_EVENT SITUATION_CONTEXT —
POSEV_RT Positive event ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
PSWQ_1 If I don't have enough time to do everything, I don't worry about it. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_10 I never worry about anything. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_11 When there's nothing more I can do about a concern, I won't worry about it anymore. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_12 I've been a worrier all my life. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_13 I notice I have been worrying about things. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_14 Once I start worrying I can't stop. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_15 I worry all the time. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_16 I worry about project until they are done. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_2 My worries overwelm me. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_3 I tend not to worry about things. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_4 many situations make me worry. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_5 I know I should not worry about things, but I just can't help it. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_6 When I'm under pressure I worry a lot. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_7 I am always worrying about something. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_8 I find it easy to dismiss worrisome thoughts. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
PSWQ_9 As soon as I finish one task, I start worrying about everything else I have to do. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION STRATEGY WORRY —
RACE Ethnicity/cultural background Baseline DEMOGRAPHICS ETHNICITY —
REAP Did you see the event that caused your feelings from a different perspective since the previous beep? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY —
REAP_RT Reappraisal ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
REFL Have you calmly reflected on your feelings since the previous beep? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
REFL_RT Reflection ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
RLX How relaxed do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT POSITIVE_AFFECT RELAXATION —
RLX_RT Relaxed ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
RRS_NL_1 I think about how alone I feel. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_10 I go away by myself and think about why I feel this way. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_11 I write down what I am thinking about and analyze it. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_12 I think about a recent situation, wishing it had gone better. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_13 I think “Why do I have problems other people don’t have?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_14 I think about how sad I feel. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_15 I think about all my shortcomings, failings, faults, mistakes. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_16 I think about how I don’t feel up to doing anything. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_17 I analyze my personality to try to understand why I am depressed. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_18 I go someplace alone to think about my feelings. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_19 I think about how angry I am with myself. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_2 I think “I won’t be able to do my job if I don’t snap out of this”. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_20 I listen to sad music. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_21 I isolate myself and think about the reasons why I feel sad. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_22 I try to understand myself by focusing on my down / depressed feelings. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_23 I think "I won't be able to do my job if I don't snap out of this." Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_24 I think “What am I doing to deserve this?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_25 I think “I won’t be able to concentrate if I keep feeling this way.” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_26 I think “Why can’t I handle things better?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_3 I think about my feelings of fatigue and achiness. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_4 I think about how hard it is to concentrate. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_5 I think about how passive and unmotivated I feel. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_6 I analyze recent events to try to understand why I am depressed. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION REFLECTION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_7 I think about how I don’t seem to feel anything anymore. Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_8 I think “Why can’t I get going?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RRS_NL_9 I think “Why do I always react this way?” Baseline EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RSE_1 On the whole, I am satisfied with myself Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_10 I take a positive attitude toward myself Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_2 At times, I think I am no good at all Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_3 I feel that I have a number of good qualities Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_4 I am able to do things as well as most other people Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_5 I feel I do not have much to be proud of Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_6 I certainly feel useless at times Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_7 I feel that I'm a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_8 I wish I could have more respect for myself Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RSE_9 All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure Baseline SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
RUM Have you ruminated since the previous beep? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION RUMINATION STRATEGY —
RUM_RT Rumination ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SAD How sad do you feel at the moment? ESM AFFECT NEGATIVE_AFFECT SADNESS —
SAD_RT Sad ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SELFE How much self-confidence do you have at the moment? ESM SELF SELF_ESTEEM —
SELFE_RT Self-esteem ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SOCSHR Did you talk with others about your feelings since the previous beep? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION SOCIAL_SHARING STRATEGY —
SOCSHR_RT Social sharing ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SRESP To what extent are you yourself responsible for your current situation? ESM AGENCY APPRAISAL —
SRESP_RT Self responsibility ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
STR Have you been under stress since the previous beep? ESM SITUATION_CONTEXT STRESS —
STR_RT Stress ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SUPR Did you suppress the expression of your feelings? ESM EMOTION_REGULATION EXPRESSIVE_SUPPRESSION STRATEGY —
SUPR_RT Suppression ESM item reaction time in hundredths of a second ESM —
SWLS_1 In most ways my life is close to my ideal. Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_2 The conditions of my life are excellent. Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_3 I am satisfied with my life. Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_4 So far I have gotten the important things I want in life. Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
SWLS_5 If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing. Baseline HEDONIC LIFE_SATISFACTION WELL_BEING —
TAS_1 I'm often confused about which emotion I experience Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_10 It is essential to be in touch with your emotions Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_11 I think it's hard to describe what my feelings towards others are Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_12 People ask me to describe my feelings more Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_13 I don't know what's going on inside me Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_14 I often do not know why I'm upset Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_15 I'd rather talk to people about their daily activities instead of their feelings Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_16 I rather watch light amusement shows than psychological dramas Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_17 It is hard for me to show my feelings even to my closest friends Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_18 I can feel very close to someone, even in moments of silence Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_19 I find it useful to explore feeling when resolving personal issues Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_2 It is hard to find the right words for my emotions Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_20 Looking for hidden meaning in films and plays makes watching them less enjoyable Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_3 I have physical experiences that even doctors don't understand Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_4 I can easily describe my feelings Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_5 I choose to analyse my poblems rather than just describe them Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_6 When I'm upset I don't know whether I'm angry, sad, or scared Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_7 I'm often riddled by my bodily sensations Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_8 I'd rather let things go the natural course than understand why it went like it did Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TAS_9 I have feelings that I can't really name Baseline AFFECT ALEXITHYMIA EMOTION_INTELLIGENCE —
TIPI_1 Extraverted, enthusiastic. Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
TIPI_10 Conventional, uncreative. Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_2 Critical, quarrelsome. Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_3 Dependable, self-disciplined. Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_4 Anxious, easily upset. Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
TIPI_5 Open to new experiences, complex. Baseline OPENNESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_6 Reserved, quiet. Baseline EXTRAVERSION PERSONALITY —
TIPI_7 Sympathetic, warm. Baseline AGREEABLENESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_8 Disorganized, careless. Baseline CONSCIENTIOUSNESS PERSONALITY —
TIPI_9 Calm, emotionally stable. Baseline NEUROTICISM PERSONALITY —
VALENCE Valence: computed from the affect grid ESM AFFECT VALENCE —
WEIGHT Weight Baseline PHYSICAL_HEALTH WEIGHT —

Publications

Main Publication

Affect dynamics in relation to depressive symptoms: Variable, unstable or inert?

Title:
Affect dynamics in relation to depressive symptoms: Variable, unstable or inert?
Authors:
Koval, P., Pe, M. L., Meers, K., Kuppens, P.
Year of publication:
2013
Publication name:
Emotion
Volume number:
13
Issue number:
6
Page numbers:
1132-1141
DOI or URL:
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033579

Additional publications

  • Koval, P., Pe, M. L., Meers, K., & Kuppens, P. (2013). Affect dynamics in relation to depressive symptoms: Variable, unstable or inert? Emotion, 13(6), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033579
  • Brans, K., Koval, P., Verduyn, P., Lim, Y. L., & Kuppens, P. (2013). The regulation of negative and positive affect in daily life. Emotion, 13(5), 926–939. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032400
  • Dejonckheere, E., Mestdagh, M., Houben, M., Rutten, I., Sels, L., Kuppens, P., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2019). Complex affect dynamics add limited information to the prediction of psychological well-being. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(5), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0555-0
  • Dejonckheere, E., Mestdagh, M., Houben, M., Erbas, Y., Pe, M., Koval, P., Brose, A., Bastian, B., & Kuppens, P. (2018). The bipolarity of affect and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000186
  • de Haan-Rietdijk, S., Kuppens, P., & Hamaker, E. L. (2016). What’s in a Day? A Guide to Decomposing the Variance in Intensive Longitudinal Data. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00891
  • Haqiqatkhah, M. M., Tuerlinckx, F. (2019). Are we on the same page? Latent variable modeling suggests different nomothetic and idiographic factor structures for momentary affect. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6wsgd
  • Blanke, E. S., Brose, A., Kalokerinos, E. K., Erbas, Y., Riediger, M., & Kuppens, P. (2020). Mix it to fix it: Emotion regulation variability in daily life. Emotion, 20(3), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000566
  • Koval, P., Ogrinz, B., Kuppens, P., Bergh, O. V. den, Tuerlinckx, F., & Sütterlin, S. (2013). Affective Instability in Daily Life Is Predicted by Resting Heart Rate Variability. PLOS ONE, 8(11), e81536. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081536
  • Panaite, V., Koval, P., Dejonckheere, E., & Kuppens, P. (2019). Emotion regulation and mood brightening in daily life vary with depressive symptom levels. Cognition and Emotion. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/ 10.1080/02699931.2018.1543180
  • Wenzel, M., Philippi, P., & Kaurin, A. (2025). Examining everyday emotion regulation as an ability: Emotion regulation monitoring, but not general strategy implementation ability, is significantly associated with affective well-being in daily life. European Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070251332665
  • Wenzel, M., & Rowland, Z. (2025). Emotion regulation frequency and intensity are differently associated with affective well-being in daily life. Motivation and Emotion, 49(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-024-10104-y
  • Sels, L., Debeer, D., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2025) Men Do Not Suppress Emotions More than Women in Everyday Life: Evidence from Large Scale Experience-Sampling Data. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3vxzj_v1
  • Tran, A., Freeman-Robinson, R., Koval, P., Greenaway, K. H., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2025) Context Matters, Doesn’t It? The Role of Context in Everyday Emotion Regulation Strategy Use. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/axzk6_v1
  • Bagnara, L., Moeck, E. K., Kuppens, P., Bianchi, V., & Koval, P. (2025). Why do feelings persist over time in daily life? Investigating the role of emotion-regulation strategies in the process underlying emotional inertia. Emotion, 25(8), 1944–1957. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001541
  • Pihlajamäki, M., Eisele, G., Peeters, L., Kirtley, O. J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Lafit, G. (2026). An Investigation of the Temporal Dynamics of Careless Responding Across Different Populations in Experience Sampling Data. Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911251410340

12/07/24 EW: deleted final row (PpID 502, UUID ff8bf6e4-596d-40f3-8fec-44769a8f1574). This participant withdrew early and all fields were NA.